要進行柴油發電機的故障診斷,必須熟悉柴油發電機的基本結構和工作原理
In order to diagnose the fault of diesel generator, we must first be familiar with the basic structure and working principle of diesel generator
在診斷發電機故障時,需要知道柴油發電機的基本配置,比如該發電機組燃油系統是電控的還是機械式的,是機械單體泵還是分配泵,是電控高壓共軌還是電控單體泵等.另外也需要知道該柴油機的常用技術參數,如氣門間隙,供油提著角,循環供油量,噴油壓力等
When diagnosing the generator fault, it is important to know the basic configuration of the diesel generator, such as whether the fuel system of the generator set is electronically controlled or mechanical, whether it is a mechanical single pump or a distribution pump, whether it is an electronically controlled high-pressure common rail or an electronically controlled single pump, etc In addition, we also need to know the common technical parameters of the diesel engine, such as valve clearance, oil supply lifting angle, circulating oil supply, injection pressure, etc
以故障現象和特征為依據診斷故障位置
Diagnose fault location based on fault phenomenon and characteristics
柴油發電機出現故障時,無論是簡單故障還是復雜故障,必然會以一定形式表現出來.認真找出故障表現出的現象和特征,就不難找到故障根源,然后用相應方法去排除
When diesel generator breaks down, whether it is simple or complex, it will show in a certain form Carefully find out the phenomena and characteristics of the fault, it is not difficult to find the root cause of the fault, and then eliminate it with corresponding methods
尋找故障原因和位置的基本思路
Basic idea of finding fault cause and location
對一臺柴油發電機來說,常用"問,看.聽.摸,嗅"等方法判斷故障的具體位置
For a diesel generator, "ask, see, listen, touch, smell" and other methods are often used to judge the specific location of the fault
問:主要是通過詢問操作人員故障發生時,有無不正常的聲響,煙色,異味等異常情況,然后進一步有的放矢地診斷,這樣可大大節省時間,提高發電機組故障診斷的率
Q: mainly by asking the operator if there is abnormal sound, smoke color, peculiar smell and other abnormalities when the fault occurs, and then further targeted diagnosis, which can greatly save time and improve the accuracy of generator set fault diagnosis
看:是認真觀察各種儀表的讀數,排氣煙色,水油等的變化情況.柴油機各零部件是否有斷裂變形,緊固件是否有松動,分離或脫落情況,各零部件裝配的相對位置是否正確等等
Look: carefully observe the readings of various instruments, the changes of exhaust smoke color, water and oil, etc Whether the parts of the diesel engine are broken and deformed, whether the fasteners are loose, separated or fall off, and whether the relative position of each part assembly is correct, etc
聽:是用細長金屬棒或木柄起子作"聽診器",用該"聽診器"觸及柴油發電機外表面相應部位來"聽"運動部件發出的聲音,了解其變化情況
Listening: use a slender metal rod or wooden handle driver as a "Stethoscope", and use the "Stethoscope" to touch the corresponding parts on the outer surface of the diesel generator to "listen" to the sound emitted by the moving parts and understand their changes
摸:是憑手的感覺檢查配氣機構等零件的工作情況和高壓油管,噴油器等零件的振動情況
Touch: check the working condition of parts such as valve mechanism and the vibration of parts such as high-pressure oil pipe and fuel injector by hand
嗅:是感官的嗅覺.嗅出柴油機是否氣味異常,以診斷故障的具體位置
Smell: the sense of smell of the senses Sniff out whether the diesel engine has abnormal smell to diagnose the specific location of the fault
借助現代檢測設備診斷故障
Diagnose faults with the help of modern detection equipment
診斷柴油發電機故障時,應盡量借助現代檢測設備,幫助提高故障診斷的效率和性
When diagnosing the fault of diesel generator, we should try our best to use modern detection equipment to help improve the efficiency and accuracy of fault diagnosis
一些應急措施
Some emergency measures
柴油發電機組發生故障時,有些故障不能一下診斷清楚,而這些故障可能會發展.為防止大事故的發生,必須將柴油機降低轉速或熄火后再進一步診斷.比如發電機組發生了"飛車",必須立即用斷油,斷氣或加大負荷的方法將發電機組熄火,因為柴油機處于飛車狀態時,柴油機各零部件磨損加據,壽命急劇下降
When the diesel generator set breaks down, some faults cannot be diagnosed clearly, and these faults may develop In order to prevent major accidents, the diesel engine must be further diagnosed after reducing the speed or stalling For example, in case of "runaway" of the generator set, the generator set must be shut down immediately by cutting off oil, gas or increasing the load, because when the diesel engine is in the runaway state, the parts and components of the diesel engine wear and tear, and the service life decreases sharply
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