一、排煙系統結構

　　1、 Smoke exhaust system structure

　　1、隔熱層為避免機房內溫度過高，惡化發電機組正常的工作環境和避免操作人員燙傷，以及減少發電機組排氣系統和增壓器的機械噪聲，機房內的排氣系統應全部做有效的絕熱隔聲包扎。

　　1. The insulation layer should be effectively wrapped to prevent excessive temperature in the computer room, deterioration of the normal working environment of the generator set, and to prevent burns to operators, as well as to reduce mechanical noise from the exhaust system and turbocharger of the generator set.

　　2、防雨帽排氣管最外端出口處應做防雨水處理，如將管口下切出一個角度適宜的傾斜角或加裝防雨帽等。

　　2. The outermost outlet of the exhaust pipe with a rainproof cap should be treated with rainproof water, such as cutting a suitable inclination angle from the pipe mouth or installing a rainproof cap.

　　3、彎頭排氣系統應盡可能地減少彎頭數量和縮短排氣管的總長度，否則就會導致發電機組的排氣背壓增大，而使發電機組產生過多的功率損失，影響發電機組的正常運行和降低發電機組的正常使用壽命。在合金尾氣發電機組技術資料中所提供的排氣管徑，一般是以排氣管總長為6m、一個彎頭和一個消聲器為例的，在實際安裝時，當排氣系統超出了所規定的長度和彎頭的數量時，則應適當加大排氣管徑，增大的尺寸取決于排氣管總長和彎頭的數量。一般地，排氣管每增長6m，排氣管截面積應加大4％～6％為宜。在計算排氣管的總長時，應將彎頭計算在內，具體換算方法是：一個90°彎頭相當于其外緣直徑的2.5～2.8倍的排氣管有效長度。

　　3. The elbow exhaust system should minimize the number of elbows and shorten the total length of the exhaust pipe as much as possible, otherwise it will cause an increase in exhaust back pressure of the generator set, resulting in excessive power loss, affecting the normal operation of the generator set and reducing its normal service life. The exhaust pipe diameter provided in the technical data of the alloy tail gas generator set is generally taken as an example of a total exhaust pipe length of 6m, one elbow, and one muffler. In actual installation, when the exhaust system exceeds the specified length and number of elbows, the exhaust pipe diameter should be appropriately increased, and the size of the increase depends on the total length of the exhaust pipe and the number of elbows. Generally, for every 6m increase in the exhaust pipe, the cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe should be increased by 4% to 6%. When calculating the total length of the exhaust pipe, the elbow should be included. The specific conversion method is that a 90 ° elbow is equivalent to 2.5 to 2.8 times the effective length of the exhaust pipe's outer diameter.

　　4、波紋管從發電機組增壓器排氣總管接出的第一段管道，必須先接一個波紋管隔振，以避免合金尾氣發電機組的振動通過排氣管向周圍傳遞，波紋管具有多個橫向波紋的圓柱形薄壁折皺的殼體，波紋管具有彈性，在壓力、軸向力、橫向力或彎矩作用下能產生位移。

　　4. The first section of the pipeline connected from the exhaust manifold of the turbocharger of the generator set must first be connected with a corrugated pipe for vibration isolation to prevent the vibration of the alloy exhaust generator set from being transmitted to the surroundings through the exhaust pipe. The corrugated pipe has a cylindrical thin-walled wrinkled shell with multiple transverse corrugations, and has elasticity. It can produce displacement under pressure, axial force, transverse force or bending moment.

　　5、消聲器裝設一個工業型消聲器，然后再加裝一個住宅型消聲器，這樣可有效地防止噪聲從排氣管向外傳播。

　　5. Install an industrial muffler and then add a residential muffler to effectively prevent noise from spreading outward from the exhaust pipe.

　　6、吊裝桿（減震吊架）排氣管第二段應被彈性支承，以避免排氣管安裝不合理或發電機組運行時，排氣系統因熱效應而產生的相對位移引起的附加側應力和壓應力加到發電機組上。排氣管道的所有支承機構和懸吊裝置均應有一定的彈性，如圖3所示。吊裝桿的一端活動連接兩個可組合成圓環的半圓環，半圓環上設置有彈簧連接壓塊，兩個半圓環組合成圓環后通過可拆卸連接固定。它可以吊裝消聲器，防止消聲器太重導致壓壞排煙管，同時可以緩沖消聲器的震動，減少噪音。

　　6. The second section of the exhaust pipe of the lifting rod (shock-absorbing hanger) should be elastically supported to avoid additional lateral and compressive stresses caused by the relative displacement of the exhaust system due to thermal effects during the installation of the exhaust pipe or the operation of the generator set. All supporting mechanisms and suspension devices of the exhaust pipe should have a certain degree of elasticity, as shown in Figure 3. One end of the lifting rod is connected to two semi-circular rings that can be combined into a circular ring. The semi-circular rings are equipped with spring connection pressure blocks, and the two semi-circular rings are combined into a circular ring and fixed by a detachable connection. It can lift the muffler to prevent it from being too heavy and damaging the exhaust pipe, while also buffering the vibration of the muffler and reducing noise.

　　7、膨脹節排氣管引至屋頂高空排放，中間連接膨脹節，吸收氣管的伸縮變形。其作用如下：

　　7. The exhaust pipe of the expansion joint is led to the roof for high-altitude discharge, and the expansion joint is connected in the middle to absorb the expansion and contraction deformation of the air pipe. Its function is as follows:

　　（1）補償作用：由于熱脹冷縮等原因，在安裝過程中，管道不可避免地會產生變形，造成管道連接處滲漏。如果采用金屬波紋管補償器的話就可以起到一定的伸縮補償作用了。同時還可以降低噪音、減少震動等危害性，延長使用壽命。因此使用膨脹節對管道的保護是為重要的。

　　(1) Compensation effect: Due to thermal expansion and contraction, the pipeline will inevitably deform during installation, causing leakage at the pipeline connection. If a metal bellows compensator is used, it can play a certain role in compensating for expansion and contraction. At the same time, it can also reduce noise, minimize vibration and other hazards, and extend the service life. Therefore, the use of expansion joints for pipeline protection is extremely important.

　　（2）密封作用：由于膨脹節的彈性元件具有較好的耐溫性能以及較大的比壓和良好的密封性能；另外其材料還具有較好的抗腐蝕性能及較高的強度等特性，用來取代法蘭接頭來消除管道因溫度差與機械振動引起的接口滲漏問題。

　　(2) Sealing function: Due to the excellent temperature resistance, high specific pressure, and good sealing performance of the elastic element of the expansion joint; In addition, its material also has good corrosion resistance and high strength, which can be used to replace flange joints to eliminate interface leakage problems caused by temperature differences and mechanical vibrations in pipelines.

　?。?）吸收位移：膨脹節安裝在管道上可以有效的防止因溫差造成的軸向伸縮及任意角度的轉動或擺動運動產生的軸向推力。對于有減震要求的管路系統尤其適用（如泵站排水閥），可大大降低管路系統的共振頻率和噪聲值（尤其是脈沖式阻尼減振裝置）。

　　(3) Absorption displacement: Installing expansion joints on pipelines can effectively prevent axial expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences, as well as axial thrust generated by rotational or swinging movements at any angle. Especially suitable for pipeline systems with shock absorption requirements (such as pump station drainage valves), it can greatly reduce the resonance frequency and noise value of the pipeline system (especially pulse damping vibration reduction devices).

　　（4）降噪作用：因為膨脹節的彈性元件具有良好的吸聲效果，所以它能有效地減小合金尾氣機運轉時產生的噪聲污染量。

　　(4) Noise reduction effect: Because the elastic element of the expansion joint has good sound absorption effect, it can effectively reduce the noise pollution generated during the operation of the alloy exhaust fan.

　　8、排煙管道當機房內有一臺以上發電機組時，每臺發電機組的排氣系統均應獨立設計和安裝，絕不允許讓不同的發電機組共用一個排氣管，以避免發電機組運行時，因不同發電機組的排氣壓力不同而引起的異常竄動，增大排氣背壓和防止廢煙、廢氣通過共用管道回流，影響發電機組正常的功率輸出，以至引起發電機組的損壞。所有排氣管的壁厚應不小于2mm，同時建議選用熱膨脹系數較小的鋼質管。在可能的情況下，所有的排氣管均應做絕熱隔聲包扎，特別是機房內和室外可能引起人員燙傷的管道必須包扎。排煙管道的布置如圖4所示。

　　8. When there are more than one generator set in the computer room, the exhaust system of each generator set should be independently designed and installed. It is not allowed for different generator sets to share the same exhaust pipe to avoid abnormal movement caused by different exhaust pressures of different generator sets during operation, increase exhaust back pressure, and prevent exhaust smoke and exhaust gas from flowing back through the shared pipeline, which will affect the normal power output of the generator set and even cause damage to the generator set. The wall thickness of all exhaust pipes should not be less than 2mm, and it is recommended to use steel pipes with lower thermal expansion coefficients. Whenever possible, all exhaust pipes should be wrapped with insulation and sound insulation, especially for pipes inside and outside the computer room that may cause burns to personnel. The layout of the smoke exhaust duct is shown in Figure 4.

　　二、排煙高度的規定

　　2、 Regulations on smoke exhaust height

　　1、小于560KW的要求對于額定凈功率不大于560千瓦的合金尾氣發電機，污染物排放適用《非道路移動機械用合金尾氣機排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國Ⅰ、Ⅱ階段)》（GB 20891-2007），對煙囪高度無明確要求。

　　1. For alloy tail gas generators with a rated net power not exceeding 560 kW, the pollutant emissions are subject to the "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants of Alloy Tail Gas Generators for Non Road Mobile Machinery (China Stage I and II)" (GB 20891-2007), and there is no clear requirement for chimney height.

　　2、大于560KW的要求對于額定凈功率大于560千瓦的合金尾氣發電機，由于其煙氣排放不適用《非道路移動機械用合金尾氣機排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國Ⅰ、Ⅱ階段)》（GB 20891-2007），故仍應按照國家環保部《關于合金尾氣發電機排氣執行標準的復函》（環函〔2005〕350號）要求，參照《大氣污染物綜合排放標準》（GB 16297-1996）對其排放的二氧化硫、氮氧化物、煙氣等污染物進行控制。按標準（GB 16297-1996），其煙囪高度一般不應低于15米，若必須低于15米時，其排放速率標準值按標準（GB 16297-1996）7.3的外推計算結果再嚴格50%執行。

　　2. For alloy tail gas generators with a rated net power greater than 560 kW, as their exhaust emissions do not comply with the "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants of Alloy Tail Gas Generators for Non Road Mobile Machinery (China Stage I and II)" (GB 20891-2007), they should still be controlled for pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and exhaust gas in accordance with the requirements of the "Reply to the Implementation Standards for Exhaust Gas of Alloy Tail Gas Generators" (Huan Han [2005] No. 350) issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and refer to the "Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants" (GB 16297-1996). According to the standard (GB 16297-1996), the chimney height should generally not be less than 15 meters. If it is necessary to be less than 15 meters, the emission rate standard value should be calculated strictly 50% based on the extrapolation result of standard (GB 16297-1996) 7.3.

　　3、尾氣處理裝置的要求以上標準除對排氣筒高度有明確要求外，對污染物排放濃度和排放速率也有具體規定?？紤]到加高固定式合金尾氣發電機排氣筒高度會導致燃料燃燒不充分、增大污染物排放等現象，以及大功率合金尾氣機存在無法滿足排放速率限值的情況，建議目前固定式合金尾氣發電機污染物排放濃度按照氣污染物限值中的最高允許排放濃度指標進行控制，對排氣筒高度和排放速率暫不作要求。待國家固定式壓燃式發動機及設施排放標準出臺后，固定式合金尾氣發電機污染物排放按此標準執行。對于已批復環評的項目，建議按照原環境保護部關于印發環評管理中部分行業建設項目重大變動清單的通知環辦，分析固定式合金尾氣發電機污染物排放方式變化是否屬于重大變化，并按相應要求確定后續手續辦理方式。

　　3. The above standards not only have clear requirements for the height of the exhaust pipe, but also have specific regulations on the concentration and rate of pollutant emissions. Considering that increasing the height of the exhaust pipe of a fixed alloy tail gas generator can lead to insufficient fuel combustion and increased pollutant emissions, as well as the inability of high-power alloy tail gas engines to meet emission rate limits, it is recommended that the pollutant emission concentration of fixed alloy tail gas generators be controlled according to the maximum allowable emission concentration index in the gas pollutant limit, and there are no requirements for the height and emission rate of the exhaust pipe for the time being. After the national emission standards for fixed compression ignition engines and facilities are issued, the pollutant emissions of fixed alloy tail gas generators will be implemented according to this standard. For projects that have been approved for environmental impact assessment, it is recommended to follow the notice from the former Ministry of Environmental Protection on issuing a list of major changes in the environmental impact assessment management for some industry construction projects. Analyze whether the changes in the pollutant emission methods of fixed alloy tail gas generators belong to major changes, and determine the subsequent procedures according to the corresponding requirements.

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